The File System
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Click on the filenames below to learn about the linux system | Click on the filenames below to learn about the linux system | ||
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- | [[/bin]] [[/boot]] [[/dev]] [[/etc]] [[/home]] [[/lib]] [[/media]] [[/mnt]] [[/opt]] | + | [[/bin]] [[/boot]] [[/dev]] [[/etc]] [[/home]] [[/lib]] [[/media]] [[/mnt]] [[/opt]] [[/root]] [[/sbin]] [[/srv]] [[/tmp]] [[/usr]] [[/var]] |
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- | [[/etc/init.d]] [[/home/userA]] [[/home/userB]] | + | [[/etc/init.d]] [[/home/userA]] [[/home/userB]] [[/usr/bin]] [[/usr/include]] [[/usr/share]] [[/usr/src]] [[/var/run]] |
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The /lost+found directory is where Linux keeps files that have been found after a system crash, or files from a partition that wasn't unmounted before the system shut down. They are located here so that you can try to restore something that might otherwise be lost. | The /lost+found directory is where Linux keeps files that have been found after a system crash, or files from a partition that wasn't unmounted before the system shut down. They are located here so that you can try to restore something that might otherwise be lost. | ||
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+ | References; | ||
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+ | http://tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Filesystem-Hierarchy/html/c23.html | ||
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+ | http://www.lesbell.com.au/Home.nsf/0/87cd60bdf18a2a75ca256caf001594b4?OpenDocument | ||
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+ | http://www.pathname.com/fhs/pub/fhs-2.3.html |
Revision as of 22:36, 25 September 2006
This page is a work in progress
One of the first things people coming from Windows notice about Linux is the different way the drives, directory structure and files are ordered/displayed. Both operating systems use what is called a hierarchial directory structure. All this means is that files are arranged in a tree-like structure with directories containing subdirectories and files, subdirectories containing subsubdirectories and files, etc., branching downward into more complexity like an upside-down tree.
Click on the filenames below to learn about the linux system
/ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | /bin /boot /dev /etc /home /lib /media /mnt /opt /root /sbin /srv /tmp /usr /var | | | | ------------------ | --------------------------------| | | -------| | -------------------| | | | | | | ----------| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | /etc/init.d /home/userA /home/userB /usr/bin /usr/include /usr/share /usr/src /var/run
Programs
One of the major things that people must get used to when switching to Linux is where it stores programs. Windows tends to store most programs in C:/Program Files, and people have a hard time finding their installed programs in Linux because it stores them in many places. These can be grouped into two main groups:
1. The first group contains the system and normal user binary folders. Most applications store their executable binary (similar to an exe) in one of these folders. They are /bin , /usr/bin and /usr/local/bin.
2. The second group is where the "administration" applications are stored. You typically need super user (root) permissions to execute one of these executables. These directories are /sbin and /usr/sbin.
3. Finally, some users prefer to install softare and add-on packages that are not part of the default installation into the /opt directory.
Processes
The /proc directory can be considered a figment of your imagination. It is a virtual directory. This directory contains numbered entries that match all of the running processes on the system. Some of these entries can be viewed and some cannot.
Paranoia
The /selinux directory is reserved for Security-enhanced Linux, a high-security system used to limit what computer processes can do within the system.
Lost and Found
The /lost+found directory is where Linux keeps files that have been found after a system crash, or files from a partition that wasn't unmounted before the system shut down. They are located here so that you can try to restore something that might otherwise be lost.
References;
http://tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Filesystem-Hierarchy/html/c23.html
http://www.lesbell.com.au/Home.nsf/0/87cd60bdf18a2a75ca256caf001594b4?OpenDocument
http://www.pathname.com/fhs/pub/fhs-2.3.html